Multidisciplinary bibliography of the Portugal-Spain border

[Sinopsis reproducida de BILEGA]

Contén tres documentos en forma de carta e postal relacionados coa visita que Ramón Menéndez Pidal realizou no verán de 1910 a San Martín de Trevello (noroeste da provincia de Cáceres). Teñen especial interese os apdos. "La Fala de Xálima y Ramón Menéndez Pidal" (p. 277-278 da reed.), no que se resumen as ideas lingüísticas expostas por Menéndez Pidal nos textos editados, e "A modo de conclusión" (p. 278-279), no que quedan de manifesto as do propio autor: "la Fala de Xálima es un dialecto fronterizo de base fundamentalmente portuguesa que ha incorporado varios leonesismos y abundantes castellanismos; y [...] sus orígenes ho hay que buscarlos en tan socorrida y facilonga hipótesis de que fue introducida por colonos de habla gallega en la primera etapa de la repoblación de los reyes leoneses allá por los siglos XII y XIII, sino que hay que buscarlos en épocas anteriores a la reconquista cristiana... Esta arcaica lengua inmersa en el universo de la cultura galaico portuguesa, debió tener su origen en la población céltico-romana que habitó el área de Xálima y la vecina región portuguesa" (p. 278).

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

Se acude a una extensa base de datos, de elaboración propia, sobre toponimia menor, para poner en contexto la vigencia de parte del léxico diferencial en Zamora y sus provincias vecinas. Se trata de un léxico en el que prevalecen los arcaísmos leoneses; muchas voces comparten sustrato con el portugués y gallego. La selección de lemas se ha hecho a tenor de su pertinencia para la descripción del paisaje. La toponimia menor permite enlazar islotes léxicos disyuntos, que en la diacronía tuvieron enlace y gradación, como muestran las permanencias fijadas al terreno como nombre de lugar. El área actual de distribución de variantes dialectales puede así ampliarse mirando hacia el pasado, y las a menudo imprecisas definiciones de algunos repertorios léxicos se enriquecen al confrontarlas con las características de los lugares que perpetúan tales voces. Palabras clave: Toponimia, léxico, historia del paisaje, etimología, Zamora.

TOPONYMIC WITNESSES OF THE ARCHAIC WORD STOCK IN THE LEONESE AREA

An extensive, self-compiled data base covering minor toponyms of the Northwest Iberian Peninsula, is used to contextualize some representative examples of the area’s differential lexicon. This is an inventory of lexemes pervaded by Leonese arcaisms; some of the words share a substrate with Portuguese and Galician. The semantic bond of the selected lemmas is their pertinence for landscape description. Microtoponymy is a tool which helps linking disjoint “lexical islands”, areas which were connected in the past by a continuous gradient of variants, as is shown by the permanencies anchored to the land as place names. The present distribution domain of some dialectal morphs can be extended by looking into the toponymic diachrony. Some of the defective definitions which are found in lexical repertories can be brought face to face with the material features of word-perpetuating places. Key words: Place names, lexicology, landscape history, etymology, Zamora.

Se publican varios romances y textos del cancionero popular de Badajoz recogidos en la localidad onubense de Encinasola.

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

This paper describes the creation of base NLP resources and tools for an underresourced minority language spoken in Portugal, Mirandese, in the context of the generation of a text-to-speech system, a collaborative citizenship project between Microsoft, ILTEC, and ALM – Associaçon de la Lhéngua Mirandesa. Development efforts encompassed the compilation of a large textual corpus, definition of a complete phone-set, development of a tokenizer, inflector, TN and GTP modules, and creation of a large phonetic lexicon with syllable segmentation, stress mark-up, and POS. The TTS system will provide an open access web interface freely available to the community, along with the other resources. We took advantage of mature tools, resources, and processes already available for phylogenetically-close languages, allowing us to cut development time and resources to a great extent, a solution that can be viable for other lesser-spoken languages which enjoy a similar situation.

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original] 

The article reflects on the historical concept of frontier and our present idea of it. It focuses on the importance of the frontier in the dynamics of the feudal system in the Iberian peninsula and explores the role played by the crown. The hypothesis here is that the configuration of a coherent socio-political space spans differing yet chronologically juxtaposed phases. Four phases in the process of delimiting the political space are distinguished—military, socio-economic, cultural and political-administrative. New elements combine with the existing ones until a new entity takes shape: the political-administrative system, which is analysed here. In analysing this evolutionary process, an ensemble of Arab historiographic sources, Christian chronicles and fueros and secondary sources, has been used.

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

The comitative represents a particular case in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula. Except for Catalan, the rest of varieties possess a redundant form inherited from the evolution of the Latin postposition plus the preposition con (‘with’). However, some authors point out a tendency that favours subject forms or even stressed object forms in persons in which the norm prohibits them. With the aim of finding the vernacular responses to this respect, this paper attempts to account for all the possibilities in the comitative in the Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula as well as the factors upon which the selection of either strategy depends. Keywords: Comitative, Ibero-Romance, geolinguistics, corpus, dialectology.

ÍNDICE: Acknowledgments | Introduction | Chapter One: Landforms of Northwest and West Iberia | Chapter Two: The Climate of Western Iberia | Chapter Three: The Soils of Northern and Western Iberia | Chapter Four: Vegetation Regions of Northern and Western Iberia | Chapter Five: Prehistoric Immigrants into Iberia | Chapter Six: Early Central European Influences in Iberia | Chapter Seven: Contacts between the Ancient Civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean and Iberia | Chapter Eight: The Period of Roman Conquest and Control | Chapter Nine: The Germanic Conquest | Chapter Ten: Moslem Domination | Chapter Eleven: The Reconquest of Iberia | Chapter Twelve: Final Steps Toward Portuguese Independence | Chapter Thirteen: Completion of the Portuguese State | Chapter Fourteen: Development of Portuguese International Relations | Chapter Fifteen: The Geography of Portugese-Spanish Boundaries | Chapter Sixteen: Environment and Culture | Chapter Seventeen: The Geographical Basis of Portugese Political Independence: A Summation | Biography

[Resumen extraído de la fuente principal] 

Recent studies on complex social organisations have centred their attention on the dynamics of the social and economic internal development of those societies, while others have placedgreater emphasis on their peculiar cultural and historical contexts. Yet other studies have tried to bring together all possible variables, usig both functional and contextual arguments, in an attempt to turn the archaelogical evidence into a comprehensible whole. The possible vauses for the rise and collapse of the state in certain areas and the occurrence of powerful ruling elites have also become interesting and challenging questions in modern archaeological research. In the Iberian Peninsula, Tartessos seems to have been a filcral area in the general development of the whole South especially that of the South-west. This can be detected both in its own evolutionary process and by the establishment of strong contacts and interaction with different peoples. The increasing demands of its trade networks and the establishment of complex ties of dedpendence between its core and peripherical areas playes a significant role in this development. The dynamics of these processes will be discussed here, and an explanatory model suggested.