Multidisciplinary bibliography of the Portugal-Spain border

[Resumen extraído de la fuerte original]

Este artículo tiene por objeto la descripción de la actividad dialectológica desplegada en la provincia de Zamora a lo largo de los últimos cien años. Distinguimos tres períodos en la evolución de esta investigación dialectal, desde finales del siglo XIX y a lo largo del XX: un primer período, que abarcaría el último cuarto del siglo XIX y el primer tercio del XX (1879-1936); un segundo período, que comprendería aproximadamente el segundo tercio del siglo XX (1936-1973); y un tercer período, formado por el último tercio del siglo XX (1973-1995). En cada una de estas etapas nos ocupamos de los distintos trabajos realizados, en relación con los cuales exponemos sus objetivos, métodos, contenidos y resultados. Al final del artículo llevamos a cabo una valoración prospectiva de esta actividad dialectológica, de manera que, tomando como base la descripción efectuada, intentamos señalar las líneas de actuación que a nuestro juicio han de seguir los futuros estudios dialectales sobre la provincia de Zamora.

This article aims to describe the dialectological studies carried out in the province of Zamora, Spain, over the past hundred years. We distinguish three periods in the evolution of these studies from the late 19th century to the present: (1) from 1879 through 1936, (2) from 1936 through 1973 and (3) from 1973 through 1995. For each of these periods we discuss the different research projects undertaken, their objectives, methods, materials and results. In the last part of the article we make a prospective evaluation of this dialectological endeavor; in addition, on the basis of our discussion, we suggest the Unes of research that these studies should follow in the future.  

ÍNDICE: Introducción ││ 1. Estructuralismo lingüístico e investigación dialectal (1975/1977) ││ 2. La investigación de textos hablados (1976/1977) ││ 3. Dialectos y estructuras (1985/1986) ││ 4. Las encuestas del ALEA  en 1955 (1955) ││ 5. La fonética andaluuza y su propagación social y geográfica (1963/1964) │ Apostilla de 1985 ││ 6. Discordancias dialectales en el español atlántico (1978/1981) ││ 7. Unidades fonológicas vocálicas en andaluz oriental (1974/1977) ││ 8. El juego fonológico y la articulación de las llamadas vocales andaluzas (1985) ││ 9. La diptongación de O, E latinas y las cartas de un semialfabeto (1956/1957) ││ 10. La labiodental sonora en español actual (1981/1984) ││ 11. Hipótesis geológica sobre la evolución de F>h- (1981/1984) ││ 12. La nasal velar en español (1985) ││ 13. Neutralización de G-/K- en español (1965/1969) │ Apostilla de 1985 con algunas consideraciones sobre el rasgo de sonoridad ││ 14. Hipótesis fonológica sobre oclusivas sordas y sonoras divergentes en altoaragonés y bearnés (1984/1985) ││ 15. Fonética masculina y fonética femenina en el habla de Vertientes y Tarifa (Granada) (1951/1952) │ Apostilla de 1977 │ Apostilla de 1985 ││ 16. De dialectología contrastiva: Olivares, Caniles, Manzanera (1983) ││ 17. La fonética de Franco (1978/1983) ││ 18. Sobre un texto hablado de Ernesto Sábato (1978) ││ Índices alfabéticos │ Índice de materias │ Índice de lugares │ Índice de autores

Se reúnen en el volumen once trabajos del profesor Ariza sobre diversos aspectos de las hablas y la onomástica de Extremadura que previamente habían sido publicados en revistas, en actas de congresos o como capítulos de libros. Los trabajos son los siguientes: 1. El extremeño; 2. Apuntes de geografía lingüística extremeña (datos extraídos del ALPI y otras encuestas); 3. Dos estudios de historia lingüística de Extremadura; 4. De nuevo sobre Serradilla y el chinato; 5. Notas sobre el léxico extremeño; 6. Los vocabularios extremeños; 7. Tres comentarios de textos extremeños; 8. Aproximación a los estudios onomásticos de Extremadura; 9. Acercamiento a la onomástica cacereña del siglo XVI; 10. Aspectos de la onomástica extremeña; y 11. La lengua de Luis Chamizo.

Tomando como base el Atlas Lingüístico y Etnográfico de Andalucía (ALEA) se realiza un estudio de varios campos semánticos desde las perspectivas geográfica (las distribución de los términos) y semasiológica. El libro contiene un capítulo dedicado a las relaciones existentes entre el léxico andaluz y el flamenco.

"El presente trabayu axunta los plantegamientos y conclusiones d'un estudiu sociollingüísticu qu'escueye les fasteres occidentales de Zamora (Senabria, La Carbayeda, Aliste y Sayago) como noyu referencial d'investigación. Afondando daqué más na so carauterización, podríemos dicir que se trata d'una investigación inxerta nuna llinia de trabayu que venimos calteniendo cuantayá y arreyada a lo que vien denomándose «macrosociollingüística» o «socioloxía del llinguax», darréu que toma a la sociedá como exa fundamental y entiende'l llinguax como factor de primer orde pa encadarmar a la mesma y a les estremaes comunidaes" [cita tomada de la página 11 de la obra].

[Resumo proveniente da fonte]

The Augustinian convent of Our Lady of Grace of Tavira arises in 1542, founded by Friar Pedro de Vila Viçosa, in the space between walls, partially unoccupied after the expulsion/forced conversion of Iberian Jews in the late fifteenth century. However, works only began in 1569 and, due to various vicissitudes, were extended through the early years of the seventeenth century. Throughout its existence, the Gratian convent suffered some changes, including those that occurred in the Baroque period (eighteenth century) and from the adaptations that took place giving the building other function after the extinction of the religious orders in 1834. Thus, in 1839 the convent and its surrounds are requested by the Ministry of War to serve as a military quartering of Battalion nº. 5 (Batalhão de Caçadores n.º 5). After years of neglect and degradation, the building was purchased in 1999 by the municipality of Tavira which, by agreement with the Enatur - Pousadas de Portugal, set the conditions for the conversion of the former convent in historic inn (hotel). Due to the rehabilitation of the old convent, archaeological works were carried out across the area. Thus, it was possible to confirm the existence of an intense human occupation which extends from at least the Iron Age up to the Modern Era. Besides the occupational levels mentioned above, other areas used as sepulchral area were identified. However, in this study we will only deal with areas of death in medieval and modern age, identified in the cloister, in the church and in the elevator shaft. In these spaces, at least 29 burials were identified, centered between the middle of the sixteenth and mid-seventeenth century. Some of burial showed signs of human manipulation while others had already been moved to another location. Most of the individuals (non-adults and adults) were placed directly into the ground while in some cases there were signs of coffins. The majority of the individuals were founded in dorsal decubitus position, with their arms crossed at the chest, the belly or the pubic region. Their legs were always stretched out. Some individuals were found with jewellery pieces and numismatic artefacts. There were at least 47 individuals exhumed, 13 nonadults and 43 adults. The majority of the non-adults died within the first three years of life despite the presence of unborn individuals and adolescents. Among the adults, the age assessment was difficult to attain due to the low degree of bone preservation. Even so it was possible to identify individuals with 20-50 years of age. Concerning the sexual distribution, the population was primarily female despite the presence of males. The individual’s stature is within the stature standard at the time, which seems to be a good health indicator for this population. About the pathological evidences, most of the individuals suffered from some kind of degenerative effect both in their articular and non-articular surfaces. Despite these, there were cases of bone inflammation, traumas and physiological stress indicators in both adults and nonadults. In addition there is a possible case of a medical intervention, which could help to characterize both the biological and social aspects of this population. Keywords: Tavira, burial, skeletons, Middle and Modern Age.

[Resumo proveniente da fonte]

During the conversion of the Igreja Conventual do Convento de Nossa Senhora do Carmo in Tavira, into a “Ciência Viva” Center a funerary space was identified, used consistently and systematically during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This intensive use of space is attested by the abundance of articulated bones from oldest burials that were destroyed by more recent ones. There were identified thirteen graves and nine ossuaries. Between primary and secondary burials, at least fifty five individuals were present: twenty three non-adults and thirty two adults. The majority of the skeletons were buried directly in the ground, in low-deep graves. They were placed in a dorsal decubitus position with their arms mostly crossed at the chest and their legs stretched. The exhumed population varies in their age, ranging between intrauterine period and 50 years of age. Most of the children died during the first 3 years of life. The adults were more difficult to assess in terms of age and sex due to the lack of bones used to establish these parameters. Nevertheless it was possible to identify members of both sexes and young and mature adults. The adults, in most cases, were older than 20 or 29 years. It was observed the presence of five individuals among the 36 - 50 years and one with 21 to 35 years. Concerning sexual diagnosis, we have identified eight male adults and nine female adults. Regarding the height of the individuals, it was found that the values for male individuals range between 154 and 170 cm and female range between 150 and 170 cm. In regards to this population health, there were several cases of degenerative lesions in articular and nonarticular areas, some trauma cases, inflammatory episodes and a few physiological stress indicators, among other conditions. The bones areas afflicted by degenerative diseases exhibit, in most cases, micro porosity and bone growth in the spinal region and upper and lower limbs. In traumatic cases, some individuals have rib fractures with conspicuous calluses. It was identified a fused sacrum to the coccyx and ankyloses of the feet. Highlighting the presence of active inflammatory signals when death occurred, there is the deposition of new bone in irregular layers, which reaches femurs, tibias and humerus. As an example of physical stress lesions, it was detected an atlas with the vertebral arch fractured and with refurbished contours. This type of injury has been attributed to the act of carrying weight in the head in a systematic way. We also identified signs of nutritional deprivation and infections during the development of individuals, such as the linear hypoplasia in teeth. Regarding funeral rites, the use of shrouds was verified through the presence of several pins arranged along the body. Although most of the burials have been performed directly on the ground, the use of coffins and stretchers, often filled with lime, was also confirmed. Some of these coffins were ornamented. We also collected various items of clothing such as buttons, hooks and buckles, as well as scraps of leather from shoes. Keywords: Tavira, burial, skeletons.

[Resumo proveniente da fonte]

No plano do meu trabalho começarei pelo estudo do grau de nutrição, côr dos olhos, da pele e dos cabelos, perfil do nariz, dentadura e maior ou menor abundância de barba (entre os caracteres descritivos) -e dinamometria, estatura, índice esquélico, índice cefálico, índice nasal, índice anterior, índices verticais, índice facial, comprimento da mão, do palmo, largura da bôca, relação centesimal entre a braça e a estatura e proporção da altura total da cabeça à estatura (entre os caracteres métricos). A última parte será constituída por uns capítulos de etnografia, onde procurei reunír alguns factos e observações da vida, moral e material dos transmontanos de S. Pedro.