Bibliografía multidisciplinar de la frontera hispano-portuguesa

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

El estudio de la creación y consolidación de los dominios monásticos en época altomedieval resulta altamente interesante ya que nos permite ver cómo se van entretejiendo redes de poder económico, social y político en el marco de la monarquía astur-leonesa. En este trabajo pretendemos llamar la atención para un pequeño cenobio situado en la comarca de Senabria, el monasterio de San Martín de Castañeda, analizando el proceso de conformación de un dominio monástico y el tipo de relaciones que impregnan las relaciones sociales y económicas del espacio sanabrés en el que se desarrolla. Dicho proceso se relacionará con el resto de sociedades del Noroeste Peninsular, prestando especial atención a las analogías y diferencias con estos territorios, fundamentalmente León, Galicia y el Norte de Portugal. Palabras clave: territorio, sociedad, economía, poder, dominio monástico, feudalismo, comunidad de aldea, Alto Medievo, San Martín de Castañeda, Senabria, León, Galicia, Norte de Portugal.

The current piece of work focuses on the constitution of the monastic domain of San Martín de Castañeda in the Early Middle Ages. This monastery is located in the region of Senabria (province of Zamora, Spain), among the territories of León, Galicia and North Portugal. In this process, it is possible to see the way in which the monastery imposes its domain to the community villages as it is referred in the conflict for the possession of the fisheries of the Senabria Lake. They should be a good source of food in the period as it is showed by the fight of the monastery in assuring their control. The economic interest where revealed in both litigations in 927 and 952. The royal  intervention of 921 was followed by some donations of the Kings of León, as the village of Vigo in 940 and its confirmation again in 952. From this date, individuals’ donations were the most important way due the monastery extended its domain to neighboring regions as Valdeorras and Cabreira too. The abbey also buys some possessions as the uilla of Coso de Senabria and a mill on the Trefacio River. The domain is completed with properties in San Ciprián, Trefacio and Murias, in the head-board of the region, giving place to the making of a little feudal domain in which the uilla is the basic unity of settlement. This will suppose a clear differentiation between the inhabited space and the cultivated one, imposing slowly in it the parochial organization. But this doesn’t mean a classless and stateless society because these communities were characterized by a social diversity in which it is possible to find big owners and small free peasants, besides dependent peasants from the moment in which this local powers began to be consolidated as in the case of San Martín de Castañeda, using different juridical instruments as the profiliatio and the presura. Finally, in this period it is possible to observe a clear hierarchical organization of the territory because of the existence of other feudal powers, like other monasteries, included in a widerer territory known as the Urbs Senabrie and intermediate territories like the Territorio Sampire. Nevertheless, Castañeda was consolidated as the most important local power in Senabria in these Early Middle Ages centuries, fact that will allow a later expansion. Keywords: territory, society, economy, politic power, monastic domain, feudalism, community villages, Early Middle Ages, San Martín de Castañeda, Senabria, León, Galicia, North Portugal.

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

El presente artículo traza un camino alternativo para explicar la excepcional vitalidad de a fala de Xálima, (Cáceres). Sirviéndose del material dialectal, en a fala se identifican los hipotéticos rasgos de no pertenecer a través de los que la comunidad construiría su identidad. Se propone inscribirlos en la Identity Process Theory de Breakwell manteniendo que a fala, por su prominencia fonética perceptiva, sirve de herramienta para distinguirse de los demás y reforzar los sentimientos intragrupales provocando su manutención.

This paper aims to sketch an alternative way of explaining the exceptional vitality of a fala de Xálima (Cáceres province). Some of its hypothetical non-belonging features are detected in the dialectal material. Via these features, the community woluld build its identity. I suggest to include the features into the Breakwell´s Identity Process Theory supposing that a fala, by its phonetic perceptual prominence, serves as a tool for distinguishing from the others, reinforces the intragroup feelings and causes its own maintenance.

Glosario de voces que el autor no incluyó en el vocabulario de su Estudio sobre el habla de la Ribera por descuido o porque no le parecieron suficientemente interesantes en aquel momento.

ÍNDICE: Orígenes | Protagonistas | Indumentaria | Instrumentos musicales | Danza | Espacio donde se ejecuta | Función

[Resumen extraído de la fuente original]

Sayago forma parte de un conjunto de comarcas que, desde La Cabrera hasta la Cordillera Central, conforman el espacio más occidental de Castilla y León, constituyendo una "periferia interior", en la que Sayago presenta uno de los mayores grados de arcaísmo. El análisis histórico de esta comarca, tomada como ejemplo de toda la región, explica tales rasgos, puesto que las estructuras indígenas sobrevivieron a la romanización y a la ocupación visigoda, que hubieron de amoldarse a aquéllas. Pervivió una sociedad indígena, basada en la actividad guerrera y en la ganadería, en un tipo de asentamientos extensivos con un lugar central en alto y en unas jefaturas segmentarias, que, durante los siglos VIII-X, sufrió un proceso de mozarabización. A partir del siglo X, y en especial del XII, se produce una feudalización tanto por la evolución social indígena como por la presión señorial externa, dando origen a un espacio marginal, dependiente en lo político de Zamora y área de recursos ganaderos en poder de la aristocracia.

Sayago is part of a group of districts forming the westernmost area of Castile and León, from La Cabrera to the Cordillera Central. This group makes up a kind of "interior periphery" in which Sayago shows one of the highest degrees o explains these features, since the indigenous structures survived Romanization and Visigoth occupation, both of which had to adapt to them. The indigenous society was based on warrior activity and livestock-raising, in extensive settlements of the type with a central place on a hill and segmented leadership, which underwent a process of mozarabization during the period comprising the 8th to the 10th century. Beginning in the 10th century, and specially in the 12th, feudalization took place, due to both indigenous social evolution and external lordship pressure. This gave rise to a marginal area, an area based on livestock-raising in the hands of the aristocracy and politically dependent on Zamora.